Research Impact

Language matters in research impact

The language we use in research impact matters. It shapes how we understand the people and communities connected to research, whose knowledge and experiences we recognise, and how we approach engagement.

A commentary published in Cochrane Evidence Synthesis and Methods explores this through the widespread use of the term “stakeholder”. The authors consider the term’s colonial connotations and propose “interest-holders” as an alternative.

They define interest-holders as groups with legitimate interests in an issue because they are responsible for, or affected by, decisions that research evidence can inform.

I think this is a useful contribution to a much wider conversation about the language of research impact. There is still quite a lot of fuzziness around terminology. I mostly use “research users”, because it encourages researchers to think about who might actually use or benefit from their research. But that language has limitations too: people and communities can have a legitimate interest in research without necessarily being expected to “use” its findings.

That is where I can see real value in “interest-holders”. It gives us another way of thinking about the people who have an interest in, or may be affected by, research.

What does this mean for research impact practice?

Context matters. This is a useful prompt to think more carefully about the language we choose.

When planning impact and engagement, we might ask:

  • Who is affected by this research, as well as who might use it?
  • Does the language we are using accurately describe people’s relationship to the research?
  • Are there terms that could exclude, misrepresent or cause harm to the people we hope to engage?

Language is not separate from good engagement practice. Being willing to question familiar terminology, and find alternatives when it no longer serves us, is part of creating more thoughtful and inclusive approaches to research impact.

Read the commentary.

REF, Research Impact, Resource library

Does local impact mean less impact?

Does impact become more valuable when it extends across a larger geographical area?

In Local reach, global significance? The politics of scale and the competing imaginaries of the UK research impact agenda, Justyna Bandola-Gill explores the complicated relationship between reach, significance and geographical scale within the UK research impact agenda.

Drawing on qualitative research with academics, research managers and policymakers across two research-intensive universities, Bandola-Gill argues that institutional interpretations can create an informal hierarchy in which national and international impact are perceived as more prestigious than locally focused impact.

This is not what the formal REF guidance says. The REF 2021 guidance explicitly states that reach does not refer specifically to geographical scale. Impact within one UK region could be judged outstanding, while international reach does not necessarily make an impact outstanding.

The paper introduces the concept of “scalecraft” to describe how scale is constructed, negotiated and sometimes strategically reframed. Scale is therefore not simply an inherent characteristic of impact: it is also shaped by institutional cultures and assumptions about what valuable impact looks like.

What does this mean in practice?

For researchers and impact professionals, the paper offers a useful reminder not to use geographical scale as shorthand for the quality or value of impact.

When developing or assessing impact, we should consider:

  • Who has experienced change, and how significant was that change for them?
  • Does the scale of the impact make sense in relation to the research and its intended research users?
  • Are institutional expectations encouraging researchers to prioritise geographical breadth over depth, relevance or meaningful local relationships?

The paper is based on qualitative research across two sites, so it offers a conceptual lens rather than a comprehensive picture of practice across the sector. It would be valuable to explore how these ideas are reflected across the wider body of REF impact case studies.

The takeaway: local impact is not inherently less significant. What matters is the nature and extent of the change, who experiences it and the quality of the evidence – not whether it crosses a national border.